What is the principle of reverse osmosis desalination

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Reverse osmosis is a membrane separation technology developed in the 1960s a new process is to rely on the reverse osmosis membrane under pressure so that the solvent in the solution with the solute to be separated.
To understand the principle of reverse osmosis desalination should first un derstand the concept of "infiltration". Osmosis is a physical phenomenon, when two water containing different concentrations of salts, such as with a semi-permeable film will find separately, high salinity less side of the moisture permeable membrane, the amount of infiltration into the salty of water contained in the salt does not permeate, Thus, salt concentration gradually to both sides of the integration until the equalization. However, this process takes a long time to complete, this process is also known as the natural infiltration. However, if the high salt content of the water side, the test plus a pressure, the result can also be said infiltration stopped, when the pressure is called the osmotic pressure. If the pressure increase, allows water to penetrate to the contrary, while the salt remaining. Therefore, the principle of reverse osmosis desalination, that is, in the salt water (such as raw water), to impose a greater pressure than the natural osmotic pressure, so that penetration in the opposite direction to the water molecules of the original water pressure to the film on the other side, into the clean water, so as to achieve the purpose of removing water in salt, which is reverse osmosis desalination principle.
Currently, reverse osmosis membranes, such as the chemical composition of its membrane material points, the main fiber cross-film and non-cellulose membrane two categories. Points, such as the physical structure of the membrane material generally can be divided into the the asymmetric film and composite film.woven wire mesh
Currently, reverse osmosis membranes, such as the chemical composition of its membrane material points, mainly cellulose membrane and non-cellulose membrane two categories. Points, such as the physical structure of the membrane material generally can be divided into the the asymmetric film and composite film.
Th e most widely used in the cellulose-based film is a cellulose acetate membrane (CA membrane). The total film thickness of approximately 100 microns, the epidermis thickness of approximately 0.25 μm, the epidermis covered with micropores, pore size of about 5-10A, it can filter out very fine particles, while the pore size of the porous support layer is very , about a few thousand angstroms, so the asymmetric structure of the film, also known as asymmetric membrane. Cellulose acetate membrane in the reverse osmosis operation only table original cortex with high-pressure water contact in order to achieve the desalination effect, and must not be inverted.
Noncellulosic membrane with aromatic polyamide as the main species, there are other polypiperazine amide membranes, polyphenylene benzimidazole membrane, polymethyl inkstone amide film, polytetrafluoroethylene grafted membrane, polyethyleneimine film. Polyamide composite membrane developed in recent years, by a polyeste r woven fabric for the supporting layer, due to polyester nonwovens was very irregular and too loose, not suitable as the bottom of the salt barrier layer, and thus the microporous engineering plastic polysulfone was cast on the surface of the nonwoven fabric. The polysulfone layer surface hole is controlled at about 150A. Barrier layer with a high degree of crosslinking of the aromatic polyamide, of a thickness of about 2000A. The high degree of crosslinking aromatic polyamide polymerization by the trimesic chloride and p-phenylenediamine. Because this film is a composite made from three different materials, it is called a composite film.woven polypropylene fabric